Impact of dynamic parameter of trends in vital signs on the prediction of serious events in hospitalized patients -a retrospective observational study.

Aim: Although early detection of patients' deterioration may improve outcomes, most of the detection criteria use on-the-spot values of vital signs. We investigated whether adding trend values over time enhanced the ability to predict adverse events among hospitalized patients. Methods: Patients who experienced adverse events, such as unexpected cardiac arrest or unplanned ICU admission were enrolled in this retrospective study. The association between the events and the combination of vital signs was evaluated at the time of the worst vital signs 0-8 hours before events (near the event) and at 24-48 hours before events (baseline). Multivariable logistic analysis was performed, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the prediction power for adverse events among various combinations of vital sign parameters. Results: Among 24,509 in-patients, 54 patients experienced adverse events(cases) and 3,116 control patients eligible for data analysis were included. At the timepoint near the event, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was lower, heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were higher in the case group, and this tendency was also observed at baseline. The AUC for event occurrence with reference to SBP, HR, and RR was lower when evaluated at baseline than at the timepoint near the event (0.85 [95%CI: 0.79-0.92] vs. 0.93 [0.88-0.97]). When the trend in RR was added to the formula constructed of baseline values of SBP, HR, and RR, the AUC increased to 0.92 [0.87-0.97]. Conclusion: Trends in RR may enhance the accuracy of predicting adverse events in hospitalized patients.

A case report of fatal COVID-19 complicated by rapidly progressive sepsis caused by Klebsiella variicola.

BACKGROUND: There is a growing interest in Klebsiella variicola as a causative pathogen in humans, though its clinical features and the impact of co-infection or secondary infection with COVID-19 remain unknown. CASE PRESENTATION: A 71-year-old man presented with fever, altered mental status and generalized weakness and was admitted to ICU due to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. He was newly diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus upon admission. On hospital day 3, his respiratory status deteriorated, requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. On hospital day 10, superimposed bacterial pneumonia was suspected and subsequently, broad-spectrum antibiotics were administered for the associated bloodstream infection. On hospital day 13, despite administration of active antibiotics and appropriate source control, he decompensated and died. The causative organism isolated from blood cultures was initially reported as K. pneumoniae, but it was identified as K. variicola by a genetic analysis. A representative isolate (FUJ01370) had a novel multilocus sequence typing allelic profile (gapA-infB-mdh-pgi-phoE-rpoB-tonB: 16-24-21-27-52-17-152), to which sequence type 5794 was assigned (GenBank assembly accession: GCA_019042755.1). CONCLUSIONS: We report a fatal case of respiratory and bloodstream infection due to K. variicola complicating severe COVID-19. Co-infection or secondary infection of K. variicola in COVID-19 is likely under-recognized and can be fulminant as in this case.

Compartment syndrome due to Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Purpura fulminans secondary to Capnocytophaga canimorsus (C. canimorsus) infection without a wound is rare and often misdiagnosed initially. We report a patient who died due to C. canimorsus bacteremia with purpura fulminans and acute compartment syndrome of all extremities. CARE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old Japanese man with a history of alcoholism presented with a 2-day history of gastroenteritis. The chief complaints were abdominal pain and diarrhea, and he had abdominal tenderness. Laboratory findings showed multiple organ failure. On day 2, pain in the lower extremities associated with motor and sensory dysfunction developed. On day 3, purpura on the whole body spread to all extremities. All four extremities became rigid, and acute compartment syndrome developed. The patient died due to uncontrolled hyperkalemia and lactic acidosis. CONCLUSIONS: Capnocytophaga canimorsus transmission can occur through licking or even close contact with animals when a risk factor of C. canimorsus infection, such as alcoholism, is present.